Emily Hess

Title: How did Gender Roles in the 1800’s Influence Teaching?

Abstract: According to the Snyder and Dillow (2015), of the U.S. Department of Education, in the 2011-12 school year, 76 percent of public school teachers were female, with an even larger percent working in elementary schools. The disproportion of male and female teachers begs the question as to what has caused so females to pursue teaching, and so many males to avoid it. Though gender roles may not play as much of a role today as they did in the 19th century era, their effects live on. This research looks to answer one main question: How did gender roles in the 1800’s influence teaching?

Keywords: Gender roles, 1800’s, education, teaching

James Finger

Title: Water Pollution and Fracking

Abstract: Hydrukic Fracturing or fracking is a very controversial topic in today’s day and age. While it helps with the energy industry, it is also linked to many environmental and health issues, particularly in Pennsylvania, where fracking is a major contributor to the economy.The main objective of this paper was to conduct research on the topic of fracking and water pollution and formulate recommendations to guide Americans on the issue going forward. On the side against fracking, the data found suggested the unknown results and long-term health effects considering chemicals used along with specific chemicals which are considered trade secrets. On the other side, it is argued that pollutants in the water, such as methane, are naturally occurring. Our conclusions from the presented data lead us to believe that fracking is too harmful to the environment and public health to keep pursuing, suggesting short term and long term recommendations to address the issue.

Keywords: music education, music, funding, college music

Jo Caruso

Title: The Effect of Zero-Tolerance Policies on Childhood and Adolescent Development and Discipline

Abstract: This presentation will focus on education research, specifically, the effects of zero-tolerance policies on childhood and adolescent development and discipline will be researched and presented. While safety is an important part of the process of education, violence and experimentation in some forms are developmentally appropriate for children. With research on the topic of zero-tolerance, the realization of its effects—or lack thereof—may inspire a move to other forms of discipline and policy. This is not to say that forms of violence are permissible in the school system, only that there is a distinction between developmentally appropriate play and developmentally irregular aggression.

Keywords: education, childhood and adolescent development, zero-tolerance policies