When you think of a preschool classroom you may think of organized fun or you may think of complete chaos. Either way, the main objective for preschoolers is to learn through play. Educators know the importance preschool programs, such as Head Start. From birth to age five, is the critical period where a child’s brain is developing faster than any other time period in their life. So, what does this tell us? What a child is exposed to from birth to age five, greatly impacts their development for the future. Although the critical time period of brain development is the same for all children, how they learn is different for everyone.
OBSERVATION DAY
On the first day of observations, I arrived before the students. This gave me the chance to properly meet my head teacher. She began to tell me about her students and described their personalities. She mentioned the classroom ranged from 3-5 years old. She then described a little boy and his behavior, and she told me I would immediately know which one he is as soon as he arrives to the classroom. She described his behavior as being energetic, and struggles with following the rules. Sounds like a typical toddler, right? Well, she continued to tell me that he has an I.E.P, but did not state why. She also mentioned that he struggles with sitting still, staying focused, gets distracted very easily, and gets easily upset and is more emotional than the other students.
She was right! When we welcomed the students to the classroom, I could identify which student she was referring to. The day started off with free play and I observed him being very engrossed in playing with a makeshift action figure that he made with connecting blocks. He would make very loud animated action noises, such as “BOOM!, GOTCHA!, VVVOOMMMM!” I noticed when he plays, he does not seek attention from other students.
He appeared to be completely content and
happy with just playing by himself. Once free play was over, he struggled with cleaning up and following directions. His teacher provided the class a verbal warning, a musical timer and a visual for the whole class for clean up. Even with the warnings and visuals, he needed reminders to listen and clean up.
He struggled when it was time to be seated on the carpet for morning meeting. His teacher allows him to sit at a table right by the carpet, with a bin of toys to prevent him from being frigidity. Despite him being seated away from his peers, the teacher still called on him for his participation. He understands that he must be seated at his seat, while it is “carpet time.” The only time he was away from his table seat, was when he was called to participate in carpet time, then he would go directly back to his table seat. During centers, he chose dramatic play station, which was set up as a construction site. He was playing with toy hammers, safety googles, hard hats, and blocks. I took sometime to speak with him and ask him about his play. He spoke clearly and spoke in full sentences. I was surprised at how well he spoke. Once again I observed him playing alone, and lacked interest to engage in play with others. He struggled with transitioning centers, and became emotionally upset when told to do so. The teacher reminded him of his behavior incentive, to help him understand that he is to make good choices. During gross-motor play time he was very active but became easily upset once he did not win the game. He was crying frantically and refused to go back in line, when it was time to go back to the classroom. Keep in mind, this was right before nap time, so he could have just been a tad bit cranky.
Transitioning to nap time was challenge for him as well. But, what toddler doesn’t struggle with getting ready for nap time? He eventually laid quietly on his mat and began to fall asleep. After nap time, he was able to continue with his day without any major issues. The teachers did have to remind him about his choices and behavior a few times, but not as often as before nap time. At the end of the day the staff praised him for what good choices he did make and reminded what choices he needed to think twice about. There was no issues with getting ready to go home. He ran to his nana when she came to pick him up!
Hmmm…I have some Questions…
After everything I observed, I had a ton of questions going through my mind.
This was the only time I had seen this young boy, so I really didn’t know much about him, only from what I observed in a few hours.
I had questions like:
What is he like at home?
What is home life like? Since nana seems to be the main caretaker.
Are the behavioral strategies used in the classroom also used at home for him?
The main question that I decided to research was:
What are some teaching strategies that can be used for preschoolers with challenging behavior?
Teachers are suppose to have a bag of tricks, right? Well, what are those tricks when teaching children with challenging behavior and how effective are they?
The Research…
I am not aware if this child is diagnosed with ADHD, nor do I know the reasons as to why he has an I.E.P. What I did know, was the behavior I observed and the characteristics his teacher was telling me are some of the characteristics of a child who has ADHD, and other learning disabilities. In the scholar journal article, “Finding the Right Fit” Shelley Murphy describes students with ADHD, having a weak executive functioning. She goes into further detail about how a child’s executive functioning “helps set children up for success in the classroom” (Murphy 2014). So, if this function is weak, then we can imagine how a child can be “
easily distracted, being fidgety, and having difficulty following directions and rules” (Murphy 2014). She mentions a few strategies teachers can use to help guide students to a more effective school day.
I am pleased to say, a lot of what she suggest are strategies that the head teacher already does! Some of the strategies included were, ensuring eye contact with the student when speaking with them; chunking directions to avoid overwhelming the student, and using visuals to aid the student. A strategy Murphy suggest, that my head teacher does not do, is to implement peace moments. For a child who exhibits these characteristics, implementing peace moments during the daily schedule can help students reduce impulse behaviors. So, what are peace moments? Murphy describes them as “opportunities that students can close their eyes and focus on their breathing for a few minutes.” In doing so, the child becomes calmer, and less reactive. I also believe that these peace moments can help a child refocus on a task. In reality, who wouldn’t benefit from a taking a few peace moments to recollect their thoughts?
Another strategy that can be used for teaching preschoolers with challenging behaviors is Video self-modeling (VSM). Helen Regan and Julia Howe, talk about their research in implementing VSM, in their scholar journal article: Video self-modeling: an intervention for children with behavioural difficulties.
The VSM is an intervention on behavior, using video recordings of the child’s
behavior, and allows the child to watch the recordings with an adult, most likely the teacher. The purpose of VSM is to have the child watch their targeted behavior and identify what triggered the behavior and what they could have done differently. The goal is to have the child be accountable for their behavior to self-reflect. The VSM is done with confidentiality of the other students in the classroom and is typical used for children 4-6 years old.
I believe this student would benefit from identifying his behavior through video recordings and implementing a plan with his teacher to help him become more aware of his choices. Despite the challenging behavior I observed, I also noticed an intelligent child inside! He has what it takes to make better choices, it will just take the proper guidance to help him!
So, What now?
I plan on sharing the questions and the research I have read with my head teacher, in hopes that will give her some ideas. I plan to still observe the same child and ponder more questions and thoughts as the days go by. I believe in my heart that he is a genuinely loving child, that can easily be misunderstood and that is why my I chose to observe him. Perhaps, it is not the student who should adjust but the teaching should adjust to the individual students, and then we really will find calmness in chaos.
References:
Murphy, S. shelley. murphy@utoronto. c. (2014). Finding the Right Fit. YC: Young Children, 69(3), 66–71.
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Regan, H. H. R. gov. u., & Howe, J. (2017). Video self-modelling: an intervention for children with behavioural difficulties. Educational Psychology in Practice, 33(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2016.1233862